HBase 基础操作指南

一、配置HBase环境

在使用HBase之前，需要将相关的JAR包添加到项目类路径，并配置HBase的基本参数。以下是常用的配置方式：

配置文件

使用HBase自带的配置工具或手动编辑配置文件。推荐使用以下方式创建配置文件：

Configuration config = HBaseConfiguration.create();
config.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://server:9000/hbase");
config.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "server:2181");

创建连接对象

使用ConnectionFactory工厂方法创建HBase连接：

try {
    connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

二、基本操作说明

1. 创建表

通过Admin类操作表的创建、删除等功能。以下是创建表的示例：

public static boolean createTable(String tableName, String columnFamily) {
    boolean success = false;
    Admin admin = null;
    TableName tn = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
    try {
        admin = connection.getAdmin();
        if (!admin.tableExists(tn)) {
            HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor(tn);
            desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(columnFamily.getBytes()));
            admin.createTable(desc);
            System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 创建成功");
            success = true;
        } else {
            System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 已存在");
            success = false;
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        success = false;
    }
    return success;
}

2. 插入数据

使用Put类操作数据插入。以下是插入数据的示例：

public static boolean putData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String qualifier, Object value) {
    boolean success = false;
    Admin admin = null;
    TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
    try {
        admin = connection.getAdmin();
        if (admin.tableExists(table)) {
            Table t = connection.getTable(table);
            Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());
            put.addColumn(columnFamily.getBytes(), qualifier.getBytes(), value.toString().getBytes());
            t.put(put);
            success = true;
        } else {
            System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 不存在");
            success = false;
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        success = false;
    }
    return success;
}

3. 查询数据

使用Table和ResultScanner类查询数据。以下是查询数据的示例：

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public static void getValueByTable(String tableName) {
    TableName tn = TableName.valueOf(tableName.getBytes());
    try {
        Table table = connection.getTable(tn);
        ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(new Scan());
        for (Result r : rs) {
            System.out.println("行：" + new String(r.getRow()));
            for (KeyValue kv : r.raw()) {
                System.out.println("列族：" + new String(kv.getFamilyArray())
                        + " 列名：" + new String(kv.getQualifierArray())
                        + " 值：" + new String(kv.getValueArray()));
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

4. 删除表

通过Admin类删除表。以下是删除表的示例：

public static boolean dropTable(String tableName) {
    boolean success = false;
    Admin admin = null;
    try {
        admin = connection.getAdmin();
        TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
        if (admin.tableExists(table)) {
            admin.disableTable(table);
            admin.deleteTable(table);
            System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 删除成功");
            success = true;
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        success = false;
    } finally {
        IOUtils.closeQuietly(admin);
    }
    return success;
}

三、代码示例

以下是完整的Java代码示例：

package com.xxx.hbase.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
public class HBaseTest {
    private static Connection connection;
    static {
        Configuration config = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        config.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://server:9000/hbase");
        config.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "server:2181");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static boolean createTable(String tableName, String columnFamily) {
        boolean success = false;
        Admin admin = null;
        TableName tn = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
        try {
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
            if (!admin.tableExists(tn)) {
                HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor(tn);
                desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(columnFamily.getBytes()));
                admin.createTable(desc);
                System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 创建成功");
                success = true;
            } else {
                System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 已存在");
                success = false;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            success = false;
        }
        return success;
    }
    public static boolean dropTable(String tableName) {
        boolean success = false;
        Admin admin = null;
        try {
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
            TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
            if (admin.tableExists(table)) {
                admin.disableTable(table);
                admin.deleteTable(table);
                System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 删除成功");
                success = true;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            success = false;
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(admin);
        }
        return success;
    }
    public static boolean putData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String qualifier, Object value) {
        boolean success = false;
        Admin admin = null;
        TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
        try {
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
            if (admin.tableExists(table)) {
                Table t = connection.getTable(table);
                Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());
                put.addColumn(columnFamily.getBytes(), qualifier.getBytes(), value.toString().getBytes());
                t.put(put);
                success = true;
            } else {
                System.out.println("表 [" + tableName + "] 不存在");
                success = false;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            success = false;
        }
        return success;
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public static void getValueByTable(String tableName) {
        TableName tn = TableName.valueOf(tableName.getBytes());
        try {
            Table table = connection.getTable(tn);
            ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(new Scan());
            for (Result r : rs) {
                System.out.println("行：" + new String(r.getRow()));
                for (KeyValue kv : r.raw()) {
                    System.out.println("列族：" + new String(kv.getFamilyArray())
                            + " 列名：" + new String(kv.getQualifierArray())
                            + " 值：" + new String(kv.getValueArray()));
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建表
        createTable("stu", "info");
        // 插入数据
        putData("stu", "1", "info", "id", 1);
        putData("stu", "1", "info", "name", "xxx");
        // 查询数据
        getValueByTable("stu");
        // 删除表
        dropTable("stu");
    }
}

四、构建脚本

以下是用于构建项目的Ant构建脚本：